RESUMO
Since its advent bioethics has been motivated and dominated by values of preservation, be it preservation of life on the Earth or preservation of human life, health, rights, dignity, autonomy etc. Bioethics of this, let us say, more traditional type, stresses the need to preserve, to protect the surrounding order of things, which can be easily and irreversibly destroyed by our rash and unreasoned actions. Now I can turn to the second value orientation in the realm of bioethics. It stresses values related with changes in the existing (natural) order of things, these changes to be directed by our interests, desires and dreams. This kind of bioethics upholds our views above the imperatives of the preservation of nature around us. Nature is perceived, first of all, as a raw material to be transformed, more or less radically changed on the basis of our designs and by means of our technologies in order to achieve our own goals. This opposition of two value systems can be presented as opposition between the stands of a naturalist as a (pure) observer of phenomena of the outer and inner world, on the one hand, and a researcher as someone who exerts active interventions and, after all, produces changes in the world.
Assuntos
Bioética/tendências , Temas Bioéticos , Ecologia , Mudança Social , Valores SociaisRESUMO
I am going to discuss some present-day tendencies in the development of the very old debate on nature vs nurture. There is a widespread position describing the history of this debate as a pendulum-like process. Some three decades ago there was a time of overwhelming prevalence of the position stressing social factors in determining human character and behavior; now the pendulum has come to the opposite side and those who stress the role of biology, of genes are in favor. Yet in my view rather acute opposition of both positions still exists. Its existence depends not so much on new scientific discoveries as on some social and cultural factors which are more conservative than the development of science. More than that, we can even talk about competition of these two positions.
Assuntos
Determinismo Genético , Eugenia (Ciência) , Engenharia Genética , Genética Médica , Humanos , Federação Russa , Meio SocialAssuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/ética , Ética em Pesquisa , Experimentação Humana/ética , Temas Bioéticos , Pesquisa Biomédica/legislação & jurisprudência , Experimentação Humana/legislação & jurisprudência , Humanos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Internacionalidade , Legislação Médica , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Federação RussaRESUMO
El artículo estudia la regulación legal y ética del Programa Genoma Humano Ruso. Tras presentar algunos datos sobre la historia y la situación actual del Programa el autor subraya que Rusia no ha desarrollado todavía normas legales que se enfrenten con las intervenciones en genes humanos. Ante esta situación la regulación ética toma una importancia especial. Teniendo en cuenta esto, el Comité Nacional Ruso de Bioética había preparado un proyecto de declaración ética que fue aprobado por los participantes del Programa Genoma Humano Ruso. Una traducción en inglés de la declatación aparece en un anexo al artículo (AU)
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